The Space Force is seeking a new fleet of GPS satellites that are smaller, cheaper, and more resilient, involving both commercial and defense firms in the design process. Four companies—Sierra Space, L3Harris, Astranis, and Axient (recently acquired by Astrion)—won study contracts at the end of September 2023 to develop initial concepts for the Resilient GPS program (R-GPS). In the next five to eight months, the Space Force intends to select at least two companies to finalize designs and create prototypes, aiming to launch the first eight satellites by 2028.
The R-GPS program is projected to cost $1 billion over five years, amid rising concerns regarding the vulnerability of GPS, as demonstrated by Russia’s electronic warfare tactics in Ukraine, including jamming and spoofing GPS signals. To address these challenges, the Space Force plans to reduce the cost per satellite to between $50 million and $80 million, significantly lower than the $250 million estimate for a single Lockheed Martin GPS IIIF satellite. This cost reduction strategy is designed to enable larger deployments of satellites with a lifespan of about five years, which can be regularly upgraded.
The Space Force’s approach is inspired by the Space Development Agency’s method of deploying large constellations of smaller satellites, which not only enhance resilience but also complicate targeting for adversaries. The new satellites will feature a variety of civil signals and M-code, a secure military signal resistant to jamming.
As firms develop satellite concepts, they strive for a balance between affordability and enhanced capabilities. Erik Daehler of Sierra Space highlighted the intention to design modular spacecraft, allowing for payload upgrades through software or interchangeable components. L3Harris aims to leverage its extensive experience in positioning, navigation, and timing programs for the R-GPS project while actively assessing market options to minimize schedule delays.
Astrion’s Kent Nickle emphasized a modular approach to allow flexibility in capabilities. The company plans to work closely with partner organizations, including K2 Space and Radiance Technologies, to create a satellite that can address various functionalities, including advanced anti-jam technology.
The Space Force’s R-GPS strategy demonstrates a priority on speed, with initial funding from a congressional authority allowing for a $40 million budget shift to begin development before final approval in FY25. Some congressional stakeholders have expressed skepticism regarding the program’s efficacy, particularly concerning the anticipated resilience against jamming threats. Cordell DeLaPena from the Space Systems Command mentioned ongoing discussions with lawmakers to address their concerns about the R-GPS program and its supporting infrastructure.
Courtney Albon, C4ISRNET’s space and emerging technology reporter, has covered military developments since 2012, with a focus on challenges related to acquisition, budget, and policy in the Air Force and Space Force.
